Unit 3 | Fiqh – DeenTeens

Preliminaries 1: Ranks of Acts in the Shafi’i School

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In this unit:

● Every one of our acts falls into one of five ranks.
● Fard and sunnah acts are good to do.
● Makruh and haram acts are not good to do.[/box][/one_half]

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Keywords

Fiqh
Imam Al-Shafii
Fard/Wajib
Sunnah/Mandub
Mubah
Makruh
Haram

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Allah and His Prophet have told us to do some things and they have told us not to do other things. The scholars of Islam have taught us how to do our everyday acts in the way Allah and His Prophet want us to do them. The science that teaches us how to do these acts is called fiqh. One of the scholars who taught us fiqh is Imam Abu Idris al-Shafi’i. So when we learn fiqh from his teachings, we say that we follow the Shafi’i school.

In Islam, every act that we do has a rank based on how good or bad the act is. In the Shafi’i school, there are 5 ranks of acts.

[toggle title=”1. Fard or Wajib” state=”close”]These are acts you must do. You must never leave an act that is fard. Leaving a fard makes one sinful, but doing it will get us lots of reward, insha’ Allah. Wow, Allah is really merciful![/toggle]
[toggle title=”2. Sunnah (or Mandub)” state=”close”]A sunnah act is one that Allah would like us to do, so it is recommended that we do it. If we do it, we get reward insha’ Allah; if we do not do it, we will not be sinful. But hey, why lose the extra credit?[/toggle]
[toggle title=”3. Mubah” state=”close”]A mubah act is one we can do or not do as we please.[/toggle]
[toggle title=”4. Makruh” state=”close”]A makruh act is one that Allah does not like, so it better not to do it. If you do it, you will not be sinful; if you do not do it, you will get reward. Wouldn’t you like to get extra reward from Allah? I would![/toggle]
[toggle title=”5. Haram” state=”close”]Yikes, no Muslim likes to do a haram thing. A haram act is one you must never do. If you do it, you will be sinful; if you do not do it, you will get reward from Allah and Allah will love you.[/toggle]

Image 2 Preliminary 1

Now let’s take a look at this in table form to make it easier. Some examples will help, too. Let us know if you have any questions (or comment!)

[tabs type=”horizontal”] [tabs_head] [tab_title]Fard[/tab_title] [tab_title]Sunnah[/tab_title] [tab_title]Mubah[/tab_title] [tab_title]Makruh[/tab_title] [tab_title]Haram[/tab_title] [/tabs_head] [tab] Prayer Must do it, reward if you do it.[/tab] [tab] Quran Better do it, reward if you do it.[/tab] [tab] Sleep Can do it or not do it.[/tab] [tab] Bear Better not do it.[/tab] [tab] Robber Must not do it, sinful if you do it.[/tab] [/tabs]

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If you do Fard and Sunnah acts, you will have stronger iman and Allah will love you more.
You could get rewarded for your mubah acts if you make intention to do them for Allah. Eat dinner and say you are doing it for Allah. Go on!

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3.1.1 Purification

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In this unit

A Muslim purifies his body and his clothes.
We purify ourselves from najasah and hadath.
Minor hadath is on the face, head, arms and feet.
Major hadath is on the entire body.

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Keywords

Taharah
Najasah
Virtual
Minor Hadath
Major Hadath[/box][/one_half_last]

[dropcap]P[/dropcap]urification (taharah) is the special way a Muslim cleans his body and his clothes. As Muslims, there are two types of purification we are concerned about, especially when we pray.

First, we must purify ourselves from najasah (impurity or filth). Najasah is an impure material. Impure things are unclean things that have to be washed away with water. We will learn about najasah in Unit 3.1.3
Second, we must purify ourselves from hadath. While najasah is a physical substance that we can see, hadath is not something we can see. It is just a virtual unclean thing; that means it is something you cannot see but it affects your worship of Allah.

Hadath is two types.

[toggle title=”Minor Hadath” state=”close”][one_third]Minor hadath covers the parts of the body that have to be washed in wudu. When a person does not have wudu, then he has minor hadath on the face, arms, head and feet. See the figure on the right.[/one_third]
[one_third] 3.1.1 green boy [/one_third]
[one_third_last]The green color on this boy shows where minor hadath is on the body.[/one_third_last][/toggle]
[toggle title=”Major Hadath” state=”close”][one_third]It covers the entire body. When a person does not have ghusl, then he has major hadath on his entire body. See the figure on the right.[/one_third]
[one_third] 3.1.1 black body [/one_third]
[one_third_last]The black color on this man shows where major hadath is on the body.[/one_third_last][/toggle]

[divider]
[button color=”blue” size=”medium” link=”http://www.deenteens.com/worksheets/3.1.1 Purification.pdf” target=”blank”]Worksheet[/button]

3.1.2 Using water for purification

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In this unit:

There are three types of water.
Use purifying water for purification.
Purifying water is from natural resources.

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Keywords

Purifying water
Pure water
Changed water
Used water
Makruh water[/box][/one_half_last]

[dropcap]W[/dropcap]hen we purify ourselves from hadath or najasah in normal circumstances, we must use water. Allah has made water readily available in natural resources; we have water from the sky and from bodies of water on the earth. Water has three special characteristics: clear color, special taste and a special smell.

Four types of water

[toggle title=”1. Purifying water” state=”close”]The water we use for purification must be purifying. That means it should be water that is free from najasah. Also it means that the water was not used before for another type of purification. Finally, the water should have its original color, taste and smell.[/toggle]
[toggle title=”2. Pure water” state=”close”]
This water is nice and clean; but it cannot be used for purification. Purifying water becomes pure water for 2 reasons:

a) It is used: If it is used for another purification (wudu or ghusl). The water that was used for making wudu is still clean, but it cannot be used to purify other things. Why? Because now it has hadath in it. Remember the boy with the green paint on his face, arms, head, and feet? Just imagine that green paint in your wash water when you make wudu.
3.1.2 - used water
b) It is changed: If something is mixed with the water so that its color, taste or smell is changed. See the diagram below for an example of pure water.[/toggle]
[toggle title=”3. Impure water” state=”close”]This water is not pure because something impure (najis) got into it. Do not make wudu with impure water! It won’t be able to purify you from minor hadath.[/toggle]
[toggle title=”4. Sun-heated water” state=”close”]This is water that has been heated in direct sunlight, in a metal container, in very hot places during the hot season. While the water is still hot, it’s makruh to use this water on your body. But once it cools down, it’s not longer makruh to use, so you can go ahead and use it.[/toggle]
3.1.2 - Types of water
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Water from natural resources such as rain, rivers, oceans and streams is all purifying.
Water does not become used or changed or najis if the amount is very large. That’s why an entire river or ocean would not become najis.

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[divider]
[button color=”blue” size=”medium” link=”http://www.deenteens.com/worksheets/3.1.2 water.pdf” target=”blank”]Worksheet[/button]

3.1.3 Cleaning Filth

Some things are considered filth and have to be removed in a particular way.
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In this unit:

There are three types of impurity.
There is a lengthy procedure for removing major impurity.
Water must be used to remove impurity.[/box]

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Keywords

Najis
Najasah
Valid
Edible
Slaughtered
Mughallazah
Mukhaffafah[/box][/one_half_last]

[dropcap]T[/dropcap]here are some things that Islam considers to be impure (najis). Impure is different from dirty. Some things are dirty, but they are pure. An example of a dirty thing is rotten food. Some things seem clean, but they are najis. An example of this is the hairs that fall off a cat.

Najasah (Impurity)2

Impure things (najasah) have to be removed from our bodies and our clothes in a special way before we pray. If they are on us while we pray, our prayer will not be valid. That means it’s like we didn’t pray at all! Also, if these impure items get into water, they make the water impure.

It’s better to remove dirty things from our body so we can stay clean and healthy. Unlike with impure things, there’s no special way to remove dirt. You can remove it in any way you like. Also, if you do pray with something dirty on you, your prayer will still be valid.

There are three types of najasah: major, regular, and light. They are divided into these categories based on how we are supposed to clean them.

Three types of Najasah

[toggle title=”Najasah mughallazah (major impurity)” state=”close”] Najasah (Impurity)3 [/toggle]
[toggle title=”Najasah (regular impurity)” state=”close”] 3.1.3 - Najasah A short discussion on some of the regular impurities:

For this discussion, “excused” means that your prayer is valid even if you have that najasah on your clothes or body.

1. Blood or pus on our body or clothes is excused if it is our own blood or pus, it is not mixed with other things, and we did not cause the bleeding on purpose.

3. Beware of alcohol in makeup and perfumes. Always check the ingredients!

4. A little bit of najis animal hairs is excused.

5. Animal skin can become pure if it is tanned. But the skin of a dog or pig will never become pure.[/toggle]
[toggle title=”Najasah mukhaffafah (light najasah)” state=”close”]The urine of baby boys is light najasah as long as the baby boy is less than 2 lunar years of age and has only eaten milk.[/toggle]

How to Purify Something That Has Become Najis (impure)

[toggle title=”Major impurity” state=”close”]

First wash off the impurity until its color, taste and smell are gone. Then wash the impure area 7 times with purifying water. In one of those washes, mix the water with dust, then wash the impure area with it.

Let’s take an example. Suppose a dog licked your hand. Here is what you would do to clean it:

[/toggle]
[toggle title=”Regular impurity” state=”close”]First wash off the impurity until its color, taste and smell are gone. Then wash the impure area 1, 2 or 3 times with purifying water.

Let’s take another example. Suppose you got some urine on your hand. Here is how you would clean it:
Wash Najasah 2 [/toggle]
[toggle title=”Minor impurity” state=”close”]Squeeze or wring out all the baby’s urine. Sprinkle the entire affected area with purifying water until the whole area is covered by water droplets. Now the area is clean. Since cleaning it is easy, a baby boy’s urine is called light najasah.[/toggle]

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If you have a tiny bit of blood from dead bugs on you, it is excused.
When you tan an animal skin, you use chemicals to dry it up.[/box]

[divider]
[button color=”blue” size=”medium” link=”http://www.deenteens.com/worksheets/3.1.3 najasah.pdf” target=”blank”]Worksheet[/button]

3.1.4 The Full Wudu Described

When we want to pray, we must make wudu. Wudu requires an intention and some washing and some wiping.
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In this unit:

Wudu removes minor hadath from the face, arms, head and feet.
Every body part in wudu can be washed (or wiped) 1, 2 or 3 times.
Wudu requires a niyyah.

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Keywords

Niyyah
Fard
Sunnah
Hadath[/box][/one_half_last]

[toggle title=”1. Wash your hands while saying the niyyah for the sunnahs of wudu in your heart.” state=”open”]
Wash your hands all the way up to and including your wrist. You can wash your hands 1, 2 or 3 times; but 3 is best. You only need to say the niyyah once. All the parts of wudu can be washed 1, 2 or 3 times; but 3 is best.
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[toggle title=”2. Rinse your mouth.” state=”close”]
[three_fourth] Take a handful of water and put it in your mouth. Move the water around in your mouth, then spit it out. Don’t swallow![/three_fourth]

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[toggle title=”3. Rinse your nose.” state=”close”]
[three_fourth] Take a handful of water and gently sniff it into your nose. Don’t do it too hard or it will hurt.[/three_fourth]

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[toggle title=”4. Wash your face while saying your niyyah in your heart.” state=”close”]
Wash from just above your hairline to below your chin; and from one ear to the other. Make sure you get lots of water on your face. Don’t just wipe water on the sides of your face. The words of the intention are given in the
[/toggle]
[toggle title=”5. Wash your arms” state=”close”]
[one_half]from your fingertips all the way to your elbow. Wash your elbows too. Make sure you wash with flowing water. Don’t just wipe your arms or it won’t be a proper wudu.[/one_half]

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[toggle title=”6. Wipe a part of your head.” state=”close”]
[one_half]Wet your hand and wipe at least one hair; but it is better to wipe the
whole head. You can wipe your head 1, 2 or 3 times; but 3 is best.[/one_half]

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[toggle title=”7. Wipe the inside and outside of your ear” state=”close”]
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[toggle title=”8. Wash your feet” state=”close”]
…from the tips of your toes up to and including your ankles.
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[toggle title=”9. Do it all in that order.” state=”close”]
We will talk about how to fix a mistake if you forget one act or do it out of order.[/toggle]

Fard and Sunnah of Wudu

In the next section, you will learn that 6 of the acts of wudu are fard. All the rest of the acts are sunnah. The acts that are fard must be performed and they must be performed in order. You must never leave one of these acts. If you do forget one of them, or if you do it out of order, you will have to correct your mistake. We will learn how to correct mistakes in a later lesson, insha Allah.

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The niyyah (intention) is the words you say in your heart to state what you are doing. Worships are not valid without niyyah.
In the niyyah, you must state what you are doing. If the act is fard, you must say so in your niyyah.

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[divider]
[button color=”blue” size=”medium” link=”http://www.deenteens.com/worksheets/3.1.4 full wudu.pdf” target=”blank”]Worksheet[/button]

3.1.5 The Arkan of Wudu

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In this unit:

Wudu has 6 fard acts.
The fard parts of any ibadah are called its arkan.
You must never leave any of the arkan or your wudu will be invalid.

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Keywords

Rukn
Arkan
Fard[/box][/one_half_last]

[dropcap]W[/dropcap]e saw in Lesson 3.1.4 that wudu has many acts. However, all of those acts are not fard or wajib. The fard parts of anything we do are called its arkan. The singular of arkan is rukn. So wudu has 6 fard acts which are 6 arkan. We explained in Preliminaries that a fard act is one that must always be done. If you leave one of these acts, your wudu will not be valid. If you leave a fard act, you have to make it up.

In wudu, the 6 fard acts are: niyyah, washing the face, washing the arms, wiping the head, washing the feet and doing it all in that order. The figure below will help you remember them.

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[button color=”blue” size=”medium” link=”http://www.deenteens.com/worksheets/3.1.5 Arkan of Wudu.pdf” target=”blank”]Worksheet[/button]

3.1.6 What is Wudu Needed For?

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In this unit:

We have to be in wudu to do certain acts of worship.
Prayer, any type of sajda, and tawaf all require wudu.

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Keywords

Sujud Tilawah
Sujud Al-Shukr
Tawaf[/box][/one_half_last]

[toggle title=”1. To be able to pray or give the Friday khutbah.” state=”open”]
[two_third]You also need wudu to make sujud al-tilawah (sujud for reading certain parts of the Qur’an) and to make sujud al-shukr (sujud for thanking Allah). Sajdah is considered an act of prayer; that is why we always have to have wudu to make any type of sajdah.[/two_third]
[one_third_last] What is Wudu Needed For [/one_third_last][/toggle]

[toggle title=”2. To make tawaf around the Ka’ba.” state=”close”]
[two_third]Tawaf around the Ka’ba means to go around the Ka’ba.[/two_third]
[one_third_last] What is Wudu Needed For2.png [/one_third_last][/toggle]

[toggle title=”3. To touch or carry the Qur’an.” state=”close”]
[two_third]By Qur’an, we mean anything that has lots of the Qur’anic Arabic words on it. So if a piece of paper has lots of Qur’an written on it, you will need wudu in order to touch the paper. By lots of Qur’an we mean that half or more of that paper or book is the Arabic words of the Qur’an. If you do not have wudu, you cannot touch or carry the Qur’an even if it is covered with something.[/two_third]
[one_third_last] What is Wudu Needed For3 [/one_third_last][/toggle]

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If you do not have wudu, then you cannot pray, you cannot make tawaf around the Ka’ba and you cannot touch the Qur’an.
You do not need wudu to recite the Qur’an, you only need wudu to touch the Qur’an.[/box]

[divider]
[button color=”blue” size=”medium” link=”http://www.deenteens.com/worksheets/3.1.6 what wudu is needed for.pdf” target=”blank”]Worksheet[/button]

3.1.7 Full Ghusl Described

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In this unit:

Ghusl removes major hadath from the whole body.
Every act in ghusl can be performed 1, 2 or 3 times.
Ghusl requires an intention.

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Keywords

Ghusl
Major Hadath
Najasah
Intention[/box][/one_half_last]

[dropcap]J[/dropcap]ust as wudu removes minor hadath from our body, ghusl removes major hadath from the body. Remember that we said major hadath is like black paint that covers the whole body? Well, when somebody has major hadath, they have to make ghusl to become pure again.

Making ghusl is just like taking a shower, but with some rules.

The Full Ghusl Described

[toggle title=”1. Wash off any najasah that may be on any part of your body.” state=”open”]There is no intention required here because removing najasah does not require an intention.

Dog — http://www.publicdomainpictures.net/view-image.php?image=46834&picture=dog&large=1

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[one_half_last]For example, wash 7 times with water, once with dust mixed in water, if a dog got you.[/one_half_last][/toggle]

[toggle title=”2. Wash your private parts while making this intention:” state=”close”]

I intend to remove major hadath from my private parts. Or

نَوَيتُ رَفعَ الحَدَثِ الأَكبَرِ مِنْ عَورَتِي

This is a good thing to do because if you have major and minor hadath together, ghusl will wash away both. Just remember that if you wash your private parts after you start ghusl, you’ll get minor hadath again.[/toggle]

[toggle title=”3. Make wudu.” state=”close”]This wudu does not take away minor hadath. It is just a sunnah part of ghusl. Do the wudu in the same way we described in the past, but with just one change.

Faucet — photo credit: deqalb via photopin cc

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While you are washing your face, say,
I intend to do wudu as a sunnah of ghusl. Or

نَوَيتُ الوُضُوءَ سُنَّةً لِلغُسلِ

shower_pubdom — http://www.publicdomainpictures.net/view-image.php?image=2778&picture=shower-head

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[toggle title=”4. Say the niyyah for ghusl in your heart while pouring water on your head.” state=”close”]
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[one_half_last]I intend to do fard ghusl. Or

نَوَيتُ فَرضَ الغُسلِ

Remember that niyyah has to be said with the first fard act of any worship. Since washing the entire body is the first fard act of ghusl, you can say your niyyah as soon as you start washing any part of your body. It is recommended to start by washing the head.[/one_half_last][/toggle]

[toggle title=”5. Wash your entire body from head to toe.” state=”close”]Start from the top of your head and move down to the rest of your body. It’s better to wash the right side before the left, and the top part of the body before the bottom. Make sure water reaches your entire outer body. This includes all your skin, all hairs on your body, and even inside the ears (but not inside the ear canals, see the picture of the ear below). So wash in this order:

[/toggle]

Be sure to wash and not just wipe. Washing means the water flows everywhere. Here are some parts people miss, so make sure you wash these:

Inside and behind ears
Inside the belly button
Between the toes
If you have a braid or a beard, the insides of it so water reaches every hair
Any folds of skin

[box type=”warning”]Since the entire body is considered as one organ in ghusl, you can start by washing any part of the body you want, even your feet. But starting with the head is best.[/box]
[divider]
[button color=”blue” size=”medium” link=”http://www.deenteens.com/worksheets/3.1.7 ghusl.pdf” target=”blank”]Worksheet[/button]

3.1.8 What Breaks Wudu

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In this unit:

There are 4 things that break or nullify wudu.
When you break your wudu you get minor hadath on you.
You must remove the minor hadath when you want to pray.

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Keywords

Nullify
Minor Hadath
Unconscious[/box][/one_half_last]

[dropcap]E[/dropcap]xcellent, we’ve learned how to make wudu! We learned what is fard in wudu, and what is sunnah. We learned that we must be very careful to perform the fards of wudu correctly so that our wudu will be valid or correct.

But do you know when it becomes necessary to make wudu? What breaks our wudu? Let’s learn it now, insha’Allah.

Four Things that Break Wudu

There are 4 things that break or nullify our wudu. If any of these four things happen, we must make a fresh wudu for our next prayer. Nothing else breaks our wudu other than these four things.

When you break your wudu, you get minor hadath on you. Remember, we said that we can imagine minor hadath to be green paint. That means minor hadath is on your face, arms, head and feet. When you make wudu, you wash that minor hadath from your face, arms, head and feet. Then you can pray, touch the Qur’an, and do anything else that requires you to be in the state of wudu. So what breaks our wudu? Here it is.

The 4 Nullifiers of Wudu or the 4 Things that Break Wudu

[toggle title=”1. If anything exists from the private parts” state=”open”][two_third]whether it is solid, liquid or gas. This usually happens when someone goes to the toilet.[/two_third]

[one_third_last][/one_third_last][/toggle]

[toggle title=”2. If someone becomes unconscious.” state=”close”][two_third]That usually happens when someone falls asleep. Sometimes it happens when someone needs to have surgery and the doctor gives him medicine to put him to sleep. But if you fall asleep while you are sitting up straight on a hard surface, it doesn’t break your wudu (though the teacher won’t like it if you do it in class!)[/two_third]

[one_third_last][/one_third_last][/toggle]

[toggle title=”3. If a man touches a woman’s skin,
even if it happens accidentally.” state=”close”][two_third]It’s the same if a woman touches a man’s skin.[/two_third]

[one_third_last][/one_third_last][/toggle]

[toggle title=”4. If someone touches anyone’s private parts with the skin of the inner surface of the hand.” state=”close”][two_third]This could happen if someone touches his own private parts or someone else’s, like when a mother is cleaning her baby. If there is a barrier between your skin and the private parts, it doesn’t break your wudu.[/two_third]

[one_third_last][/one_third_last][/toggle]

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Vomiting does not break your wudu (even though you feel terrible when it happens to you).
Laughing in the middle of prayer might break your prayer, but it doesn’t break your wudu.

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[divider]
[button color=”blue” size=”medium” link=”http://www.deenteens.com/worksheets/3.1.8 nullifiers of wudu.pdf” target=”blank”]Worksheet[/button]

3.1.9 Causes for Ghusl

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In this unit:

Six things make ghusl necessary.
Three of these only apply to women.
When you do not have ghusl, you have major hadath.

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Keywords

Major Hadath
Period
Post Natal Bleeding
Maniyy[/box][/one_half_last]

[dropcap]W[/dropcap]hen you do certain things, it breaks your wudu, as we saw in Lesson 3.1.8 (What Breaks Wudu). Similarly, some things break ghusl. Three of these are the same for men and women. But three of them are only for women.

When someone doesn’t have ghusl, we say he has major hadath on him. Remember that major hadath is like an imaginary black paint that covers the whole body. The way to remove major hadath is to make ghusl as we explained in Lesson 3.1.7 (The Full Ghusl Described).

Causes for Ghusl2
[toggle title=”Causes for Men and Women” state=”close”]
1. When a husband and wife have marital relations.

2. When someone has a wet dream or ejaculates something called maniyy.

a. Maniyy comes from the private parts of men and women. Here is how you know what maniyy is:

i. It ejaculates in spurts

ii. It exits with pleasure

iii. When moist it has the odor of bread dough, and when dry that of egg whites

3. When a person dies. May Allah have mercy on the believers who are alive and who have returned to Allah. By the way, when a person dies, he does not get major hadath. But his body still has to be given ghusl. However, if someone is lucky enough to die as a martyr from wounds of battle when he was fighting for Allah, he must not be washed. In that case, we leave his blessed blood on his body and bury him with the blood of his wounds.[/toggle]
[toggle title=”Causes for Women Only” state=”close”]
1. A woman’s period

2. When a woman gives birth

3. When a woman has post natal bleeding. This is like a period that happens after a woman has a baby[/toggle]

After any of the above 6 events, a Muslim must make ghusl before he can pray and do certain other things.
Shower head
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[button color=”blue” size=”medium” link=”http://www.deenteens.com/worksheets/3.1.9 causes for ghusl.pdf” target=”blank”]Worksheet[/button]